Monsoon climate is found in India, Bangla Desh, Thailand, the Philippines, Southwestern Africa, French Guiana and southeastern Brazil.
The stations located in monsoon climate experience plentiful rainfall like that of the equatorial climate stations but almost all of the years rainfall is received in summer months. As they are located quite near the equator, the tropical monsoon climate experiences warm temperatures throughout the year and the average temperature of every month is usually over 70 F ( 21 C ).
Coolers & Filters
Temperature
The temperatures in the areas falling under the monsoon climatic zone remain high all year. For instance at Manila , the capital of the Philippines , the average annual temperature is 80 F (26.7 C) but the difference between the hottest and coolest month is only 7oF (4 C ). The monsoon climate's temperature range is somewhat similar to that of Equatorial climate but shows a slight dip in the cooler months.
Rainfall
The concentration of almost all of the year's rainfall in the summer months is the most prominent characteristic feature of the monsoon climate. Again referring to the climatic data for Manila we find out that it has total annual rainfall of 83 inches ( 2069 mm) of which summer rainfall is 76 inches (1918 mm) which accounts for more than 90 percent while the winter precipitation is only 12 inches ( 300 mm) which is less than 10 percent of the total annual rainfall. Thus the rainfall pattern is highly seasonal; typical of monsoon climates.
The monsoon Effect
The highly seasonal rainfall pattern of these areas is due to monsoon effect. The monsoon is a seasonal change in wind direction. In summer when the land gets much hotter than the oceans , the direction of wind is from ocean towards the land. As the wind is saturated with moisture which it picks up from the ocean, so it gives heavy rains to the tropical monsoon lands. In winter the direction of wind is reversed .Now the land is cooler than the oceans so the wind direction is from the lands towards the oceans. As the wind moves over the land so it is dry and so brings little or no rain to monsoon lands. This is the reason of the huge difference between the rainfall figures for warmer and cooler months.
This concludes a brief description of the climatic pattern of monsoon lands.
The Monsoon Climate
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